Motivation And Its Impact On Performance - 860 Words

Motivation and its Impact on Performance Tony Mcalphin, Student Eastern Florida State College A persons’ performance is dependent on their willingness to accomplish a goal. There are different aspects that make up motivation and performance. In this paper, we will learn what defines both motivation and performance, and how they affect each other. What is Motivation? A person’s motivation is what drives them to set a goal and accomplish it. Merriam-Webster(2013) describes motivation as, â€Å"the general desire or willingness of someone to do something†(Merriam-Webster, 2013). Two theories surround motivation and the reason why they are or are not motivated. Natural vs. Rational and Content vs. Process Theory In psychology, there are two†¦show more content†¦Content is the common sense and process is the impact the statement has. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. Merriam-Webster(2013) dictionary describes Intrinsic Motivation as, â€Å"Motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding†(Merriam-Webster, 2013). Content vs. Process theory describes intrinsic motivation. Merriam-Webster(2013) states that Extrinsic Motivation is motivation that comes from an external source(Webster, 2013). Natural vs. Rational Theory describes extrinsic motivation because a person is looking for an outside reward such as a trophy, or an increased salary. What is Performance? Merriam-Webster(2013) dictionary defines Performance as, â€Å"the execution of an action, or something accomplished†(Merriam-Webster, 2013). Performance can be a physical or mental action taken to change a course and further themselves towards an achievement. Relationship between Motivation and Performance. A persons’ performance is based off of how much a person is motivated to complete the task. Motivation and Performance have a direct correlation with each other; the workplace being a prime example. An employee has to be motivated to rise up the ladder and receive a higher paying job, but if they are not, then they will not perform. Some people believe that the lack of performance is based on the employer having a degrading outlook on their employee. Instead of looking at the positives

Career Transition Free Essays

Career Transition In this paper, I will research career transition and how it has impacted the workforce and management. I will present from three research articles that I feel are important in understanding how career transition affects adults who are transitioning from one career to another. As an HRM, one of the biggest parts of our job will be to recruit new talent. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Transition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Traditional careers are falling to the wayside and emerging is a type of employee who has been around the block once or twice. I am going to focus on first the way careers are changing, then I am going to look at the military and how they prepare their retirees, many of whom are still in their 30’s, for retirement, and finally, I will look at career transition and what role HR plays. Gone are the days of staying with one company until you are eligible for the pension and a gold watch. The average person born in the later years of the baby boom held 10. 8 jobs from age 18 to age 42, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor (Number of Jobs Held, Labor Market Activity, and Earnings Growth Among the Youngest Baby Boomers: Results From a Longitudinal Survey Summary , 2008). Career transition is no longer looked at as something to avoid putting on your resume. It seems like everyone it doing. So how can a person make the transition smooth and successful? Career transition often requires employing new tools, skills and/or a switch in perception. In her article, Beyond the Career Mystique: â€Å"Time in,† â€Å"Time out,† and â€Å"Second Acts†, Phyllis Moen. states that Americans confront a major mismatch between outdated career and retirement regimes and the exigencies of (1) family responsibilities, and (2) the risks and uncertainties associated with a competitive, global, and information-based economy. Unlike privileged workers in the 1950s, members of America’s 21st-century workforce find it increasingly rare to have either a full-time homemaker or a secure, â€Å"lifetime† job. This mismatch challenges both scholars and policy makers to revisit, research, and rewrite the disparate scripts constituting the rules of the career game. The mid-20th-century bargain of trading a lifetime of paid work for a lifetime of income security-never a reality except for a group of middle-class office workers and unionized production workers in the post war economic boom of the 1950s-is probably gone forever. (Moen) Her points regarding the changing career climate are spot on. Many of he lifetime jobs are ones that have no real advancement potential. A GS (Government Service) job will allow for increases in pay due to step promotion and COLA increases, but in order to advance into a higher GS position a person would have to make significant gains in their education and/or work experience. Both of these might require leaving the current job for a time period. In some cases, the GS jobs have no advancement potential even with additional education, a person would have to quit t heir current job and reapply for a new position. Even more evidence that points to employers changing the career game is an article published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics that states that employ ¬ers are replacing defined-benefit retirement plans with defined-contribution retirement plans, allowing employers to shift more responsibility for retire ¬ment income to the employee. (U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010) So what are the consequences of this alteration of the career landscape? The median age of workers are increasing. The prime age group, composed of 25- to 54-year-olds, is projected to increase by 1. million and make up 63. 5 percent of the total labor force in the target year. The youth labor force, composed of 16- to 24-year-olds, is expected to decline from the 2008 level, but will remain over 21 million in 2018. The military is one area that has a great deal of experience with career change. Not only do the military members change jobs frequently, most retire after only 20 years of service. This puts someo ne who may only be 38 in the position finding new employment at a relatively young age. A study examined the concerns of retiring Marine Corps noncommissioned officers (NCOs) as they experience the adult career transition of retirement from military service and transition to the civilian workplace. Analysis of focus group transcripts reveal a range of concerns related to the transition factors cited in Schlossberg’s Transition Theory as the 4 S’s: situation, self, support, strategy. The study provided insight on the issues and challenges Marine Corps noncommissioned officers (NCOs), and all Military Personnel face upon retirement based on the following articulated themes: cultural, community, social and psychological concerns. The paper suggested that programming be offered to facilitate transition and should also address psychological and social concerns which may improve the quality and outcomes of transition to a new role in civilian life. (Johnston, Fletcher, Ginn, Stein) Many of these jobs are in the skilled labor fields which are light on EAP’s to assist once the transition has occurred. Next to the military, education is another area that see its fair share of transition. A quick Google search on career transition will bring up a plethora of sites offering advice on starting a second career in teaching. The main areas that see an influx are secondary high school education teachers and entry-level college instructors. Why are these areas so appealing? One paper seeks to reviews the current theory in areas relevant to industry-to-academia career transitions, and to outline a theory that targets this category of employee directly. They sought to outline the first step toward a limited theory explaining the special needs and motivations of industry-to-academia career transitions. Throughout this paper, the hybrid academic institution, consisting of a traditional core and a nontraditional periphery, received special emphasis. While the research did not conclusively define the reasons behind the transition, consider the following concepts: (1) proteanism, or the protean approach to career transitions; (2) transition types; and (3) human values. (Bandow, Minsky, Steven) All of which are indicative not only in instances of industry-to-academia career transitions, but in most all other areas as well. Even for the most experienced and well-educated person, transition does require some finesse. Here are a few tips that can help make the change less traumatic. It is important to take a serious look at the many possibilities and outcomes before you jump into a new career or field. Consider these 10 tips as you make a transition from your present career to your next: 1. Have a clear plan. The smartest move that you can make is to carefully map out an effective career-change strategy. This should include a detailed action plan that takes into consideration finances, research, education, and training. Keep in mind that a successful career change can take several months or longer to accomplish, so patience is key. . Wait for the right time. The best time to consider a new career is when you are safely ensconced in your existing position. It is understood that a steady paycheck can relieve a lot of pressure. There are many ways to take steps toward your new career path; you can volunteer or offer yourself as a freelancer or consultant. This can help you to â€Å"test the waters† in your desired new field. 3. Be sure of your reasons. Just because you’re unhappy in your current job isn’t a strong enough reason to make a total career break. Carefully analyze whether it is your actual career you dislike or whether your employer, supervisor, or office situation is the problem. 4. Do your research. Be sure to examine all possibilities before attempting a career jump. Talk to people in your network; read career and job profiles; meet with a career management professional. The more information with which you arm yourself beforehand, the more successful you will be. 5. Decide what is important. This is the best time for thoughtful self-reflection. Ask yourself what it is you really want to do with the rest of your life. Take an honest inventory of your likes and dislikes, and evaluate your skills, values, and personal interests. Many people who are looking to change careers do so to find a balance between their personal and professional lives, to accomplish the right mix of meaning and money. You may want to consider consulting a career coach and/or taking a career assessment test. 6. Examine your qualifications. Do you have the necessary experience and education to be considered a qualified candidate in your desired career field? If not, you need to find a way to bridge the credentials gap. This might mean making your goal more long-term while you go back to school or receive additional training. 7. Learn about the industry. Get a feel for the field that interests you. Read industry journals, attend conferences, and talk to people in the profession about what they do. Learn whether your target industry has growth potential. Trade magazines, organizations, and entrepreneurs have created a slew of Web sites that offer searchable databases where job openings in many specific industries are listed. Start looking at these sites on a regular basis. 8. Develop your network. Begin nurturing professional friendships early and tend them regularly. Professional organizations and job industry trade associations are a good place to start. Many of them hold networking events and job fairs. 9. Update your job search skills. It is especially important to polish up your job-hunting skills and techniques before you get out there and start networking. Make sure you are using your time and resources as effectively as possible. 10. Pay your dues. Do not expect to begin at the same level of seniority in your new career that you held in your old one. It will take time to move up the ranks, but if you find a new career that you absolutely love, it will be worth it. (Ten Tips on Making a Successful Career Change) In conclusion, with the continued changing landscape of today’s business world, career change is here to stay. People are having to work further into what used to be the retirement years and some are deciding to live to work instead of work to live. Whatever the reason the challenges of a career transition can be frustrating and rewarding at the same time. The most important thing is to be true to you and to not be afraid of new horizons. Works Cited Bandow, D. , Minsky, B. D. , Steven, R. (n. d. ). Reinventing The Future: Investigating Career Transitions From Industry To Academia. Cote, M. B. (2004). Service quality and attrition: an examination of a pediatric obesity program. International Journal for Quality in Health Care , 16 (2), 165-173. Johnston, S. , Fletcher, E. , Ginn, G. , Stein, D. (n. d. ). Adult Car eer Transition: Exploring the Concerns of Military Retirees. Moen, P. (n. d. ). Beyond the Career Mystique: â€Å"Time in,† â€Å"Time out,† and â€Å"Second Acts†. Number of Jobs Held, Labor Market Activity, and Earnings Growth Among the Youngest Baby Boomers: Results From a Longitudinal Survey Summary . (2008, June ). Retrieved 07 2010, from U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics : http://www. bls. gov/news. release/nlsoy. nr0. htm Ten Tips on Making a Successful Career Change. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 2010, from All Business: http://www. allbusiness. com/human-resources/careers-changing-jobs/1618-1. html U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2010, March). Record unemployment among older workers. Issues In Labor Statistics , pp. 1-3. How to cite Career Transition, Papers

Robert Putnams View on the American Society free essay sample

A discussion on the reasons for the disintegration of the American society. This essay discusses Robert Putnams perception of the American society. The author explains how and why the American society is falling apart and why it is disintegrated. The author provides the reasons for Putnams conclusion such as the role of television in our society. One of the most important questions for any democratic country is how to increase voter participation in the process, since a country may be said to be a democracy only to the extent that people participate in the process of selecting leaders. By this measure the United States remains only partially successful as a democracy. Although there was higher voter turnout this year than in many elections (about half of registered voters), there remain both a large number of people who never register to vote at all and a large number of those who are registered who never (or rarely) vote. We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Putnams View on the American Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Zero Inflation Essays - Inflation, Monetary Policy,

Zero Inflation Introduction Hyper inflation has plagued most of the world's developing countries over the past decades. Countries in the industrialised world, too, have at times duelled with dangerously high inflation rates in the post WWII era. With varying degrees of success, all have employed great efforts to bring their inflation rates within acceptable limits. Generally, a moderate rate of inflation has been the ultimate goal. More recently, however, a few countries have pursued policies that strive to eradicate inflation altogether through complete price stability. This has proven to be a contentious enterprise, which clearly indicates that there is still no universally accepted solution to the inflation problem. Indeed, there is not even an agreed consensus regarding the source of inflation itself. The monetarist perception that the root of inflation is solely the excessive creation of money remains. So too does the belief that inflation originates in the labour market. And amongst a variety of others, t he opinion that inflation ?serves the critical social purpose of resolving incompatible demands by different groups? is also strong. This last, and more widely accepted, case shows that the problem is hardly a technical one; but rather a political one. It highlights the now unquestionable fact that politics and inflation are inextricably linked. And as with all inherently political issues, consensus is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. But, political characteristics do provide flexibility. In some countries, high rates of inflation have clearly been compatible with rapid economic growth and fast rising standards of living. In such cases, it is quite reasonable to suggest that higher rates of inflation are acceptable--perhaps even necessary. In this setting, it is by no means clear that pursing a policy to stop moderate inflation is either required, or in the best interests of the mass of the population at all. While inflation guarantees that some will gain at the expense of others, the redistributions of income and wealth which do take place can, on normal value grounds, be quite desirable. In other circumstances, it may be quite desirable to place strict controls on inflation, or strive to keep it at ?zero' level. Policies aimed at virtual price stability have been in use by central banks in Europe, New Zealand, and Canada over the past few years. Such policies have been particularly focused in Canada. As noted by Pierre Fortin, ?the only objective the Bank of Canada has pursued since 1989 has been to establish and maintain the inflation rate at ?zero level', which it sees as a CPI inflation rate that is clearly below two percent? (italic added). To the surprise of many, it has been incredibly successful, achieving its objective several years before schedule. Although separated by only a few percentage points, Canada's policy is a sharp contrast to the moderate and balanced approach used in the U.S. ?Since 1989 the Federal Reserve has been satisfied with achieving an inflation rate of around 3 percent. In setting the interest rate, it has continued to pay explicit attention to real economic growth and employment, with the result that the U.S. unemployment rate is currently in the 5 to 6 percent range.? Based on this statistic alone, it can be argued that the more moderate U.S. approach has enjoyed greater success than the deflation oriented policy pursued by the Bank of Canada: Canada continues to be burdened with a higher rate of unemployment. Yet, it continues to believe that the unemployment costs of low inflation are ?transitory and small' . The directors of most European Central Banks also continue to support this dogma. Clearly, the credibility of the ?classical idea that the Phillips trade off between inflation and unemployment dis appears in the long run? is still very high throughout the world. But, in Canada, as in most of Europe, the waiting continues. This is not to suggest that the waiting game has been silent and entirely pleasant. Indeed, the relative lack (or lag!) of success of zero inflation policies and strict price controls has spurred much heated debate. As a case in point, more people are curious why Canada has exclusively focused on inflation cutting and turned a blind eye to the more balanced, and arguably more successful, approach adopted by the U.S.. Is

Definition and Examples of Heuristics in Composition

Definition and Examples of Heuristics in Composition In rhetoric and composition studies, a heuristic is a strategy or set of strategies for exploring topics, constructing arguments, and discovering solutions to problems. Common discovery strategies include freewriting, listing, probing, brainstorming, clustering, and outlining. Other methods of discovery include research, the journalists questions, the interview, and the pentad. In Latin, the equivalent of heuristic is inventio, the first of the five canons of rhetoric. Etymology:Â  From the Greek, to find out. Examples and Observations [T]he heuristic function of discourse is that of discovery, whether of facts, insights, or even of self-awareness. The heuristic function of discourse is essential to the inventive processes, that is the ability to discover the means of expressing our thoughts and sentiments effectively to others.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2005)A heuristic is a set of discovery procedures for systematic application or a set of topics for systematic consideration. Unlike the procedures in a set of instructions, the procedures of a heuristic do not need to be followed in any particular order, and there is no guarantee that using it will result in a single definitive explanation. A good heuristic draws on multiple theories rather than just one.(Christopher Eisenhart and Barbara Johnstone, Discourse Analysis and Rhetorical Studies. Rhetoric in Detail: Discourse Analyses of Rhetorical Talk and Text, ed. by B. Johnstone and C. Eisenhart. John Be njamins, 2008) Reconsideration of Aristotles notion of heuristic reveals both another dimension of classical invention and an important feature of Aristotles Rhetoric. Heuristic is not only an instrument for inventing techniques to articulate to others but is also a techne enabling the rhetor and audience to cocreate meaning.(Richard Leo Enos and Janice M. Lauer, The Meaning of Heuristic in Aristotles Rhetoric and Its Implications for Contemporary Rhetorical Theory. Landmark Essays on Aristotelian Rhetoric, ed. by Richard Leo Enos and Lois Peters Agnew. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998) Teaching Heuristics [I]nstruction in heuristic strategies has been controversial. . . . Some have feared that heuristics will turn into rules or formulas, thereby overdetermining or mechanizing the rhetorical process. This danger was realized at times in rhetorical history when the arts of discourse were taught as inflexible steps for carrying out rhetorical acts rather than as arbitrary but effective guides. Another controversy has stemmed from false expectations about the efficacy of teaching heuristics as a panacea for all rhetorical problems. But they do not supply motivation or subject knowledge but rather depend upon them. Nor do they remedy grammatical problems or provide genre knowledge or syntactic fluency. Advocates of heuristics see them as part of a larger repertoire of rhetorical resources and argue that teaching heuristics shares with students insider knowledge of discourse strategies that can empower them in genuine, compelling rhetorical situations.(Janice M. Lauer, Heuristics. Encyclope dia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication From Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Heuristic Procedures and Generative Rhetoric [H]euristic procedures can guide inquiry and stimulate memory and intuition. The imaginative act is not absolutely beyond the writers control; it can be nourished and encouraged.These generalizations about heuristics and the technical theory of art become clearer if we recall Francis Christensens generative rhetoric of the sentence, a technique that uses form to produce ideas. After a close examination of the practice of modern writers who have a knack for good proseHemingway, Steinbeck, Faulkner, and othersChristensen identified four principles operating in the production of what he called cumulative sentences. . . .Heuristic procedures enable the writer to bring principles such as these to bear in composing by translating them into questions or operations to be performed. If we were to invent a procedure based on these principles, it might look something like this: study what is being observed, write a base clause about it, and then try piling up at the end of the clause analogies, details, and qualities that serve to refine the original observation.(Richard E. Young, Concepts of Art and the Teaching of Writing. Landmark Essays on Rhetorical Invention in Writing, ed. by Richard E. Young and Yameng Liu. Hermagoras Press, 1994)

Bruh

Tuba talks about crime on the streets, the war on drugs, the treatment of black people by police and difficulties of life in the ghetto. He sends a message to all Americans that there needs to be a change in this world. He also talks about poverty and how it leads to crime. Tuba says in his song My stomach hurts, so IM looking for a purse to snatch because people are poor they must commit crimes to feed them and their families. Changes is all about these problems African Americans face in the world at this time.Tuba sees no changes from the civil rights movement in the ass. The song changes by Tuba Shaker is one of the rappers In this song, many racial-profiling, poverty and racism affect the everyday life of African- Americans. In the song Changes, Tuba gives an inside look at the daily life of a poor African-American. Tuba seems to be trying to express the idea that changes needs to be made in order to put an end to poverty and racism that African-Americans face every day. Tuba also criticizes the dispersion of African-Americans over the idea to unite and overcome the poverty and racism they face. Objects concerning African-Americans injustices are being conveyed.

Answering questions for case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answering questions for case study - Essay Example Starbucks capabilities are a combination of innovation, ownership, talented employees, merchandising, image building, and retailing. 2. Today, Starbucks have to leverage its resources and capabilities to achieve growths in the retail sales by expanding consumer base and market opportunities. To start with, Starbucks needs to consider its financial standing which currently does not support rapid expansion. Continuing with joint ventures and relying on their network of distribution and marketing would be a wise decision. But since Starbucks core business model is dependent on retail outlets and property ownership then it would be prudent to extend its brands through expansion in the brick-and-mortar environment. Starbucks has the option to develop its growth through increased presence in new markets or transfer its technology through franchising. I would suggest that Starbucks take on franchising partly and continue with expansion on its own. For example one main store in a country with franchises in smaller urban settings. This would ensure that increased baristas without expensive investment in human resources, property, marketing, and logistics without losing the essence of its organizational culture, standards, values and business strategy. Alternatively, if Starbucks continue to expand with its own investment by planting stores in new and emerging markets, in the long term it would have more investment returns and values, but slowdown on achieving strategic objectives. 3. Given the market conditions of the specialty coffee and mushrooming of coffee houses and bars, I would not respond to McDonalds offer. This is because 1) the McDonalds brand is associated with low-price food solutions whereas Starbucks has established itself as high priced specialty coffee distributor and provider of high quality coffee experience; 2) because McDonalds offer means channeling into the basic coffee market whereas Starbucks needs to concentrate on the